As iran exported its shiite revolution, sunni arabs resisted irans shiites tried to spread their ideology after the 1979 revolution, but have met resistance in. The sense that in both agriculture and industry too much had been attempted too soon. Well, its a little complicated and since other posts have deftly answered the root causes of what led to the revolution, i am just going to list key events, including those leading up to the eventual protests of 197879. The country, which stands on the high iranian plateau, contains diverse ethnic, linguistic, and tribal groups.
There is the world of the living, which we finally, in one way or another, succumb to, and then there is the domain of the dead that, like an imaginary friend or foe or a secret concubine, constantly beckons, reminding us of our loss. I dont know where iran would be, but i can tell you where it is. Formerly known as persia, iran adopted its current name in 1935. The reason for the revolution a violent overthrow of a government was that many iranians disliked the shah mohammed reza pahlavi ayatollah khomeini organized protests to overthrow the government. When ayatollah ruhollah khomeini took power in iran 35 years ago on february 11, irans filmmakers had good reason to worry. The islamic republic the iranian revolution, 197879. What were the main events of the islamic revolution of iran. Would iran be doing much better now if the islamic. The first major demonstrations to overthrow shah mohammad reza pahlavi began in january 1978. List of books and articles about iranian revolution.
Jaafari school of thought is the official religion. Aug 17, 2009 remembering iran s 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranianborn journalist kasra naji about. Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. When ayatollah ruhollah khomeini took power in iran 35 years ago on february 11, iran s filmmakers had good reason to worry. The islamic republic of iran iran is an islamic country, but not an arab country. Consists of countries such as israel, iran, iraq, saudi arabia, and egypt.
Doctor of philosophy history in the university of michigan. The role and contribution of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini article pdf available may 2012 with 12,543 reads how we measure reads. The islamic republic of iran is doomed politico magazine. Casualties of the iranian revolution casualties of the. Iran 2002, compares two approaches in writing history textbooks. Finally, part four is devoted to the analysis of the islamic revolutions impact on turkey and the muslim population of the former soviet union. The islamic republic of iran began with the iranian revolution. Pdf foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution researchgate. Mar 27, 2014 the definitive history of the iran iraq war, and revolutionary iran, essential for understanding the country today. Iran possesses a very rich and divers bird fauna, despite the fact that large portion of the country are arid to semiarid. These disturbances were put down, but not without violence. All laws passed by the majles must be approved by the council of guardians to ensure that. Iranian women after the islamic revolution dr ansia khaz ali more than thirty years have passed since the triumph of the islamic revolution in iran, yet there remain a number of questions and ambiguities about the way the islamic republic and its laws deal with. In some of its basic characteristics, the revolution did not conform to the usual norms of western revolutions, because the state did not represent just an ordinary dictatorship but an absolute and arbitrary system that lacked political legitimacy and a social base virtually across the whole of the society.
The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989. Eager to exploit an opportunity and regain access to. Pdf foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution. Milani offers new insights into the causes and profound consequences of iran s islamic revolution. The newsmagazine for teens tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan.
Ideology, politics, and the development of military power in iran 19792009 by. Guardians of the islamic revolution deep blue university of. The king of the south is a spiritual force, who works through a variety of islamic nations. The islamic republic of iran is located in southwest asia, bordering in the south with persian gulf and oman sea and from the north with the caspian sea. Iran came to usa and played basketball against nba teams. Ruhollah khomeini ruhollah khomeini centre greeting supporters after returning to tehran, february 1979. In 2012, iran were supposed to play serbian team, partizan belgrade, but iran cancelled the. Journalist efandiari returned to her native iran in 1992 after an absence of 14 years, and interviewed professional women who had remained in the country despite the suspension of womens rights and the enforcement of rigid dress codes after the 1979 revolution. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, iran s islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. The countrys name was changed from persia to iran in 1935. Consists of countries such as israel, iran, iraq, saudi arabia. Shia clergy or ulama have historically had a significant influence in iran. Here is an overview of the events that led up to the iranian revolution, as well as the events in the revolution and the aftermath.
Trustees of princeton university irans islamic revolution in comparative perspective authors. Irans islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest adversaries. As iran exported its shiite revolution, sunni arabs resisted. With respect to the islamic content of the iranian revolution, which was a movement for the. The legislature, known as the majles, has 270 members elected to 4year terms. One might also recall those japanese and the prussian landlords who had no institutional base for chal. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east. Following the overthrow of the shahs government on 11 february 1979 22 bahman 57, members of the old regime, including senior generals, were executed by revolutionary leadership. The reason for the revolution a violent overthrow of a government was that many iranians disliked the shah mohammed reza pahlavi. Geopolitical designation of the area stretching from the eastern mediterranean sea to the western side of the indian subcontinent. Ayatollah khomeini returns from being exiled in france. Shapour bakhtiar as his new prime minister with the help of supreme army councils couldnt control the situation in the country anymore. The sense that in both agriculture and industry too. Ideology and irans revolution tony blair institute for global.
The clergy first showed themselves to be a powerful political force in opposition to iran s monarch with the 1891 tobacco protest boycott that effectively destroyed an unpopular concession granted by the shah giving a british company a monopoly over buying and selling tobacco in iran. The strict code of censorship ushered in by the islamic revolution. It has an elected president and elected governmental bodies at the national, provincial and local levels for which all males and females from the age of 18 on up may vote, which are. Supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. Iran, meaning the land of aryans in persian, is a relatively large country enjoying a strategic position in the persian gulf. All laws passed by the majles must be approved by the council of guardians to ensure that they agree with islamic principles. Nevertheless, for the iranian world the advent of islam meant not liberation but defeat and conquest by an alien people. The islamic revolution in iran happened because of politic. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim country iran. Ayatollah khomeini organized protests to overthrow the government. The shah, iran s ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country.
Iran is bordered on the north by armenia, azerbaijan, turkmenistan, and the caspian sea. Trustees of princeton university iran s islamic revolution in comparative perspective authors. Iranian revolutions in comparative perspective oxford academic. In 2012, iran were supposed to play serbian team, partizan belgrade, but iran cancelled the match when partizan hired an israeli coach. In this fully revised and expanded second edition, dr. The dynasty that the revolution overthrew the pahlavi dynasty was known for its autocracy, its focus on modernization and westernization as well as its disregard for religious and democratic measures in irans constitution the founder of the dynasty, army general reza shah pahlavi, replaced islamic laws with western ones, and forbade traditional islamic clothing, separation of. Milani offers new insights into the causes and profound consequences of irans islamic revolution. Fifth, even though land reform contributed to the political stability of rural communities, it indirectly caused tension in urban areas as millions of landless peasants migrated to the major cit ies to become the foot soldiers of the islamic revolution. The newsmagazine for teens tehran, iran s capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. Each locality prides itself on a special design and quality of carpet that bears its name, such as kashan, kerman, khorasan, e.
Jun 18, 2019 in the late 1970s, the pahlavi dynasty was overthrown and replaced by a new islamic republic of iran. Iran and the world in the age of the ayatollahs by ray takeyh 2009 1979 by ingo taubhorn and maziar moradi 2010. The definitive history of the iraniraq war, and revolutionary iran, essential for understanding the country today. Shah of iran, mohammad reza pahalvi 19191980 became the ruler of iran in 1941. Remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranianborn journalist kasra naji about. Irans chief executive is the president, who is elected by the people for a 4year term. Iran has stirred up many people against the western nations. The concept of exporting the islamic revolution derives from a particular worldview that perceives islamic revolution as the means whereby muslims and nonmuslims can liberate themselves from the oppression of tyrants who. The concept of exporting the islamic revolution derives from a particular worldview that perceives islamic revolution as the means whereby muslims and nonmuslims can liberate themselves from the oppression of tyrants who serve the interests of international imperialism.
The handwovencloth industry has survived stiff competition from modern textile mills. Just because they both sell oil, doesnt make them similar in other aspects. Islamic republic of iran national report for central asian flyway meeting 10 june 2005, new delhi, india a. The movements called for a return to a golden past age, and were directed against westernbacked governments.
The iranian peoples revolution is only a point in the start of the revolution of the great world of islam. The shah, irans ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country. Second edition the making of irans islamic revolution. It is larger than alaska and roughly equal to the size of the united kingdom, france, spain, and germany combined. Time line of the iranian revolution 1963 1975 1961 1981 1965 19791941 1953 1970 1980 1964 1962 1978. Iran s islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest adversaries. Outwardly, with a swiftly expanding economy and a rapidly modernizing infrastructure, everything was going well in iran. Meanwhile, in khozestan, the center of irans oil industry, members of the arabicspeaking population organized and demanded a larger share of oil revenues for the region, more jobs for local inhabitants, the use of arabic as a semiofficial language, and a larger degree of local autonomy. The iranian revolution directed by ayatollah khomeini presented a fundamental challenge to the existing world order. What are the main points of the islamic revolution in 1979. Drawing on dozens of personal interviews with the officials of the islamic republic and on recently released documents, he presents a provocative analysis of the dynamics and characteristics.
For over 30 years the islamic republic has resisted widespread condemnation, sanctions, and sustained attacks by iraq in an eightyear war. As shah he introduce many reforms in the country for economic as well as social development of the country. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. The islamic republic of iran is an islamic theocracy headed by a supreme leader. As iran exported its shiite revolution, sunni arabs resisted irans shiites tried to spread their ideology after the 1979 revolution, but have met resistance in arab states led by sunnis. The revolution of february 1979 was a revolt of the society against the state.
About two thirds of the iranian people speak farsi or some persian dialect and one fifth a turkish dialect called azari. That these hostages managed to free themselves from u. Ten days later bakhtiar went into hiding, eventually to find exile in paris. Part three studies irans efforts to export the islamic revolution into saudi arabia and the gaza strip, and her relations with the syrian government. The islamic revolution in iran is also described in daniel 8. But in little more than a generation, iran had changed from a traditional, conservative, and rural society to one that was industrial, modern, and urban. The revolution was mostly nonviolent, although there were incidents of armed struggle.
He chooses the iranian constitutional revolution in 19063 the revolution which led to the establishment of parliament and modern law in iran and compares the postrevolutionary reformists and conservatives points of view toward this historical event. Understanding the differing meanings of iranian and persian learn about the bloody iraniraq war of 198088. Would iran be doing much better now if the islamic revolution. In the rest of daniel, this ruler together with other middle eastern powers are referred to as the king of the south. The protests sweeping iran belie the once popular notion that the spirit of the green revolution that nearly toppled the islamic republic in 2009 has been extinguished. The iranian revolution past, present and future glittering achievements, the sassanid empire was characterised by extreme oppression of the downtrodden masses. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia.
Pdf this article is to explain the policies that have been undertaken by government of iran in foreign affairs since islamic revolution 1979 find, read and. Here, the independence of the iranian religious elite, of the shiite. From the islamic revolution to the islamic republic of iran. Its constitution was approved in 1979 and amended in 1989.
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